题型：材料题 难度星级：★★★★★ 
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explain whether fran or gram will be liable for either of the following:
(i) fraudulent trading under s213 insolvency act 1986
(ii) wrongful trading under s214 insolvency act 1986
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fran and gram registered a private limited company, ire ltd, in january 2009, with each of them becoming adirector of the company.
although the company did manage to make a small profit in its first year of trading, it was never a greatsuccess and in its second year of trading it made a loss of ￡10,000.
at that time fran said he thought the company should cease trading and be liquidated. gram, however, wasinsistent that the company would be profitable in the long term so they agreed to carry on the business, withfran taking less of a part in the day-to-day management of the company, although retaining his position as acompany director.
in the course of the next three years gram falsified ire ltd's accounts to disguise the fact that the companyhad continued to suffer losses, until it became obvious that he could no longer hide the company's debtsand that it would have to go into insolvent liquidation, with debts of ￡100,000.
【论述题】
state whether criminal or civil action, or both, can be taken in relation to fraudulent trading andwrongful trading
state whether greg has any liability for money laundering
state whether greg has any liability for insider dealing
greg is a member of the board of directors of huge plc. he also controls a private limited company, imp ltd,through which he operates a management consultancy business. he also owns all the shares in jet ltd,through which he conducts an investment business.
when greg learns that huge plc is going to make a take-over bid for kop plc, he arranges for jet ltd to buy alarge number of shares in kop plc on the london stock exchange, on which it makes a large profit when itsells them after the takeover bid is announced. he then arranges for jet ltd to transfer the profit to imp ltdas the charge for supposed consultancy work. the money is then transferred to greg through the declarationof dividends by imp ltd.
【论述题】
state what is meant by securities being 'price sensitive' in the context of insider dealing
explain any criminal offences sid may have committed
jaz plc is listed on the london stock exchange. kip works for jaz plc as an accountant. whilst drawing upthe annual accounts, kip noticed that jaz plc's profits were better than anyone could have expected. as aconsequence of this knowledge, he bought shares in jaz plc before its good results were announced. hemade a substantial profit on the share dealing. kip also told his friend lu about the results before they wereannounced. lu also bought shares in jaz plc.
【论述题】
state the definition of inside information
explain whether kip and lu have committed the offence of insider dealing
inside information is '_____________' relating to a _____________of securities thatare price-affected and not to securities generally.