题型：单选题 难度：★★★★★ 
1.2万热度
the conclusion drawn by researchers is that
a．the skills of playing video games can be perfected by practice
b．playing video games make people smarter
c．those who play action video games are more efficient in collecting sensory information around them
d．video．garners’performance in fulfilling specific tasks is better than non-gamers
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the relentless march of technology into everyday life has always given rise to debate about whether it is a good or a bad thing．some believe that the internet and computersoftware are making humans more stupid or shallow．but others argue that computerprograms in the form of video games can make people smarter or improve specific skills，suchas spatial awareness．
shawn green and alexandre pouget，from the university of rochester，in new yorkstate，set out to find an answer．their study，reported in current biology，involved a number of experiments．in one，the participants had to watch 12 dots moving randomly on a screen and quickly assess their aggregate direction of movement．another test asked participants to work out the direction of specific sounds embedded within stereo white noise．in both tests the video．gamers did better．however，the scientists were aware that gamers could have been born with improved abilities to perform such tasks，which were possibly what attracted them to gaming in the first place．consequently，a third test was necessary to see if these abilities could have been learnt．
the non．gaming volunteers were put through 50 hours of video—game training．for some this involved playing fast-action shoot-'em-up games such as“call of duty 2”and“unreal tournament”．but others were given a slow-moving life—strategy game，“the sims 2”．the researchers found that those trained with action games raised their performance to the level of the experienced garners．moreover，they were more efficient in their use of visual or auditory evidence than those playing with the sims．
the researchers conclude that fast action video-games players develop an enhanced sensitivity to what is going on around them and that this may help with activities such as multitasking，driving，reading small print，navigation and keeping track of friends or children in a crowd．the precise neural mechanism for this effect，however，is still unknown．
what is known is that people make decisions based on probabilities that are constantly being calculated and refined in their heads--something called“probabilistic inference”．the brain collects small pieces of information，eventually gathering enough to make an accurate decision．when driving a car，for example，many probabilities will be collated to make decisions such as whether or not to brake．the more efficient someone is at couecting visual and auditory information，the faster he can reach the threshold needed to make a decision．
shawn green，alexandre pouget suggest that reaction times in the population willprobably improve with the rise of fast—action video—games．there are a lot of playerslast year a report estimated that 67％of american households contained at least one video-gamer．and if video—gamers are really better equipped to make quick decisions．they might also turn out to be better drivers and end up in fewer accidents．however，the notion that gamers acquire some minor physical skills may not pacify concerned parents．what，after all，of the skills they are not acquiring when shooting virtual cops instead of reading or talking
the problem of first two experiments lies in that______．
a．they are too simple to support researchers’assumption
b．they do lead to unambiguous conclusion
c．they focus on irrelevant skills of participants
d．they do not seperate video-gamers from non-gamers
by citing wal-mart’s example，the author intends to_____．
a．warn companies of potential culture shock in multinational management
b．encourage dissatisfied workers to fight against their boss
c．highlight the rarity of successful resistance against widespread cult for fun
d．express his admiration for disobedient german
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with the increasing pace of economic globalization and competition among various countries in the market，information，technology，professionals，capital and other types of economic resources is becoming increasingly evident．international___1___is becoming progressively__2__．previously__3__competition among enterprises in different countries is growing gradually into competition among governments that finds expression in a concentrated form．previous__4__contention for enterprises’interests in the world market now evidences itself in the contention for__5__interests．in this new situation，to__6__ national interests and to enable a country to be constantly in a favorable position in the international market，the most important thing is to have a highly___7___government that__8__ the full trust of citizens．
the basic objective of the study of the“government administration” is to__ 9__ the competitive edge of a government in the international market，to__10__ the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors，and to enhance the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations．the evident__11__between government administration and enterprise management lies in the fact __12__ the former is a macro-activity and represents the overall national interests．considering this from the__ 13__ 0f the theory of behavioral efficiency function，the degree of the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors and the standard of the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations have a direct__14__0n the amount of national interests and the degree of security and happiness of its people．thus，to__15__the level of overall national interests requires a highly efficient enterprise management and a high—quality enterprise group with significant core competitiveness．more importantly，it requires highly efficient government administration and the government’s international competitiveness to have a__16__advantage．for china，a country that is still in the__17__of“shift in the mode of growth” and “transformation in the system”，the fundamental__ 18__ to turn this objective into a__ 19__ is to make innovations in government administration.
s0，against the__ 20__backgrounds of economic globalization and the domestic economic transformation，how should we make innovations in government administrationi think many things can be done in this regard．yet the most important thing is to effect the change of the concept，functions，forms and the institution of government administration．
a．information
b．identification
c．competition
d．imagination
directions
one of your friends wants to apply for a job involving working with foreign teenagers．
write a letter
1)recommend him／her，and describe his／her past experience，
2)explain the reasons．
you should write about 100 words on the answer sheet．do not sign your own name
at the end of the letter．use“zhang wei”instead．do not write your address．(10 points)
direetions suppose that you cannot return the book to william in person for some emergency and will ask someone else to return it
1)give your suggestions，and explain the reasons
2)other recommendation．
write a note in about 100 words to inform him of itwrite it neatly on the answer sheet
do not sign your own name at the end of the letteruse“zhang wei”instead
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the average american drinks a gallon of soda a week，which delivers roughly 1，000 calories and no nutrition．the average american is also overweight or obese．could changing one of those things help change the other
a growing number of officials think so，which accounts for a spate of proposed new taxes on soda as a way to discourage consumption while at the same time raising money to fund other obesity—fighting initiatives．some 20 states and cities，from new mexico to baltimore，contemplated soda taxes this spring．
the reaction against them has been swift and fierce．in march，scores of soda—company employees sporting pepsi．coke and 7.up gear swarmed the kansas state senate to fight a proposal that would have added a penny in tax for each teaspoon of sugar in a nonjuice drink．that would have increased the price of a 12-oz．soda by about 10 and generated some $90 million in revenue a year．“i thought this is a wise choice，”says state senator john vratil，who，like counterparts across the country，has been struggling to address both arecession—induced budget gap and rising public—heath costs stemming from obesity．instead，he got an earful about how a soda tax would kill jobs，burden the poor and constitute an unwelcome government intrusion into the american diet．
government involvement in what americans eat is nothing new．but why tax soda andnot，say，ice cream，pizza or oreos——0r，for that matter，the video games that discourage kids from going outside to run aroundwashington city—council member mary cheh says it’s because soda is where scientists have observed the clearest link to excess pounds．when cheh set out to fund her healthy schools act，which would raise food and physical—education standards at schools in d．c．-where about 40％of kids are overweight or obese—she didn’t know she’d wind up going after soda．but the data overwhelmed herthe amount ofsoda the typical american drinks has grown by roughly 500％over the past 60 years，and of the 250 to 300 calories a day americans have，on average，added to their diets since the late 1970s．nearly half have come from sugared drinks．“i don’t want to prescribe taxes for all sorts of dietary choices，”says cheh.“but if we were going to only target one thing to make a material difference，soda would be it．”
the tougher question is whether increasing the price of soda would，ia fact，reduce the number of calories people consume．some research indicates the answer is yes．other research leaves room for doubt．though studies do show that a 10％increase in the price of soda leads people to purchase about 10％less of it．that doesn’t necessarily mean folks aren’t making up for those calories elsewhere．
how do people feel about soda taxesin april．the quinnipiac university polling institute asked residents of new york state if they supported or opposed a“fat tax”on nondiet sugared soda．thirty—one percent were in favor，and 66％were opposed．yet when asked if they would support such a tax if the money raised were used to fund health care，people changed their opinions dramatically．with 48％in favor and just 49％opposed．
the officials proposed new taxes on soda for all these purposes except_______．
a．reducing citizens’calcirie intake
b．increasing government revenue
c．bridging the gap between the rich and the poor
d．raising money for public—health programs
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read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intochinese.your translation should be written clearly on the answer sheet．(10points)
long before the new economy made catchwords of speed，customization，supply chain management．and information sharing，spanish clothing retailer zara was carrying out a revolutinn of its own．(46)by translating the latest trends into designs that are manufactured in less than 15 days—and delivering them to its stores twice a week-zara pioneered a new kind of quick， custom．made retailing that has transformed the relatively low profile retailer into a global powerhouse． nobody else can get new designs to stores as quickly，says keith wills．european retail analyst at goldman sachs．“unless you can do that，you won’t be in business in ten years．”
(47)not only has zara—the flagship store of private textile company inditex-distinguished itself by tightly integrating its design and manufacturing systems，but its clothing has filled an untapped niche． “armani at m oderate prices．”says one goldman sachs analyst． the forlnula seems to be paying offzara，which is responsible for nearly 80％of inditex’s revenues，opened its first store in 1975 and has since expanded to more than 400 stores in 25 countries．though it doesn’t generate as much in revenues as the gap($11．6 billion)or swedish clothier h&m(about$3．6 billion)．zara’s parent had sales of about$2 billion last year．which represented a 26％increase from 1998．the company’s profits were up 34％，to around$186 million．last year．
zara derives its competitive advantage from an astute use of information and technology． all of its stores are electronically linked to the company’s headquarters near la coruna，a midsized city on the northwest coast of spain．store managers monitor how merchandise is selling and transmit this information，as well as customer requests，to headquarters．“the role of the store manager goes way beyond that of gap and h&m，”says wills of goldman sachs．
(48)together with trend snotters who travel the globe in search of new fashion，store m anagers make sure their designers have access to real time information when deciding with the commercial team on the fabric,cut,and price points of a new garment．
in addition．inditex’s production system truly differentiates zara from its competition． while the gap and h＆m outsource most of their manufacturing，zara produces 60％of its merchandise in house．fabric--which comes from places like spain，the far east，india，and morocco-is cut and colored at the company’s state of the art factory．then，using information gathered from stores，production managers decide how many garments to make and which stores will get them．finally the fabric is sent to local shops to be assembled before being shipped around the world．(49) this combination of real time information sharing and internalized production means that zara can work with almost no stock and still have new designs in the store twice a week．as opposed to the six weeks that it traditionally takes most competitors．
(50)the question now is how far zara，which runs almost no advertising outside of its biannual storewide sales，can go with the concept of design on demand retailing．the chain is well known in south america and europe，where it is currently expanding in germany． f international sales accounted for almost 50％of its total)it’s less well known in the u．s．；it has just six stores in the new york city area．but don’t underestimate this spanish giant． inditex recently announced it was exploring a public offering，and it’s probably just a matter a time before it dispatches zara to conquer the new world．
__________